Governments worldwide adopted the Paris Agreement in order to limit dangerous climate change to well below 2°C. To achieve this goal, significant and rapid emission reductions are needed in all sectors. A key task now is to identify technology pathways and associated regulatory design options. Successful strategies will require close cooperation, both internationally and between sectors. Sustainable, climate-neutral e-fuels and feedstocks based on green hydrogen offer tremendous potential for decarbonising a range of industries, including chemicals, fertilisers, steel and cement, as well as parts of the transport sector that cannot directly use renewable electricity. A shift from fossil-based oil and gas to renewable-based fuels and feedstocks could make a substantial contribution to decarbonising supply chains in areas in which the direct use of electricity is not feasible.